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The break-up of the Beatles, one of the most popular and influential musical groups in history,〔MacDonald, Ian. ''Revolution in the Head'', PIMLICO, 2005〕 has become almost as much of a legend as the band itself or the music they created while together.〔David Bennahum: ''The Beatles After the Break-Up: In Their Own Words'', Omnibus Press, 1991〕 The Beatles were active from their formation in 1960 to the disintegration of the group in 1970. The break-up itself was a cumulative process throughout 1968 to 1970, marked by rumours of a split and ambiguous comments by the Beatles themselves regarding the future of the group. Although in September 1969 John Lennon privately informed the other Beatles that he was leaving the group, there was no public acknowledgement of the break-up until Paul McCartney announced on 10 April 1970 he was quitting the Beatles. There were sporadic collaborative recording efforts among the band members (most notably Ringo Starr's 1973 album ''Ringo'', the only time that the four – albeit on separate tracks – appeared on the same album post-break-up), although all four Beatles never simultaneously collaborated as a recording or performing group again; Starr's 1976 album ''Ringo's Rotogravure'' is the last post-break-up album on which all four Beatles contribute and are credited: besides Starr's drumming and songwriting contributions, Lennon, McCartney and George Harrison all composed one track apiece. After Lennon's death in 1980, McCartney and Starr appeared on Harrison's single "All Those Years Ago", and the trio reunited for the ''Anthology'' project in 1994, using two unfinished Lennon demos – "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love" – for what would be new songs to be recorded and released as the Beatles.〔 There were numerous causes for the Beatles' break-up. It was not a single event but a long transition,〔 including the cessation of touring in 1966, and the death of their manager, Brian Epstein, in 1967, meaning the Beatles were personally involved in financial and legal conflicts.〔 Conflict arose from differences in artistic vision.〔Bob Spitz: ''The Beatles : The Biography'', Little, Brown and Company, 2005〕 Both Harrison and Starr temporarily left the group at various points during 1968–69 and all four band members had begun working on solo projects by 1970 as they all realised the likelihood the band would not regroup. Ultimately, animosity made it impossible for the group to continue working together in the years following.〔 ==Brian Epstein's death== Arguably the most influential person in launching and promoting the band's worldwide popularity, Brian Epstein also managed to hold the group together, as his management style was to let the group pursue their musical notions and projects while often mediating when there was a conflict. However, this role began to diminish after the band stopped touring in 1966, although he still exercised a strong influence, settling disputes among members and, most importantly, handling the group's finances. When he died of a medical drug overdose in August 1967, there was a void left in the band. John Lennon had the closest personal relationship with Epstein and was the most affected by his death.〔Ray Coleman: ''Lennon: The Definitive Biography'' 3rd edition, Pan Publications, 2000〕 Paul McCartney likely sensed the precarious situation and sought to initiate projects for the group. Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr progressively became perturbed by his growing domination in musical as well as other group ventures.〔Barry Miles: ''Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now'', Owl Books, 1998〕 Lennon later reflected that McCartney's efforts were important for the survival of the band, but he still believed that McCartney's desire to help came from McCartney's own misgivings about pursuing a solo career.〔Jann Wenner: ''Lennon Remembers: The Rolling Stone Interviews'', Popular Library, 1971〕 The foundation of Apple Corps was initiated under the oversight of Epstein as a tax shelter endeavour. His unexpected death left the future of Apple Corps in doubt. The lack of Epstein's supervision and the Beatles' inexperience as businessmen led to an unexpectedly chaotic venture that only added to stress when the band returned to the studio to produce their 1968 double album ''The Beatles'', also known as the White Album.〔 Epstein's role as band manager would never be replaced, and ultimately the lack of strong managerial leadership would be a major cause of the break-up.〔Peter McCabe and Robert D. Schonfeld: ''Apple to the Core: The Unmaking of The Beatles'', Martin Brian and O'Keeffe Ltd, 1972〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Break-up of the Beatles」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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